Difference Between DDL and DML

Introduction

A database system organizes records and employs SQL commands, divided into DML (Data Manipulation Language) and DDL (Data Definition Language) among others. DDL structures the database, defining its schema, while DML manipulates the database's data, like inserting or updating records. This introduction sets the stage to delve into difference between ddl and dml, and the specific commands and syntax used for each. The discussion will illuminate how DDL lays out the database framework, whereas DML enables data handling within that structure.

Structured Query Language

Data Definition Language in DBMS

DDL is Data Definition Language in DBMS, defining database structure/schema and objects, with commands that are auto-committed, meaning changes are saved permanently.
Commands include CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, DROP, and RENAME, each serving specific functions:
- CREATE is for creating databases, tables, and other objects.
- ALTER modifies existing database structures, like adding columns to tables.
- TRUNCATE removes all data from a table, effectively resetting it.
- DROP deletes database objects permanently.
- RENAME changes the names of database objects.
DDL is crucial for creating and structuring databases, enhancing data access security, and supporting multiple users.

Data Manipulation Language in DBMS

DML, or Data Manipulation Language in DBMS, is used for managing data within a database, including operations such as adding, updating, or deleting data. These operations do not become permanent immediately, allowing for the possibility of reverting changes.
The primary commands of DML include:
- SELECT: Fetches data from a database. For instance, retrieving the 'ID' column from a table.
- INSERT: Adds new data into a database. For example, inserting new IDs into a customer ID table.
- UPDATE: Modifies existing data within a database. An example would be updating the ID value in a customer ID table.
- DELETE: Removes data from a database. This can range from deleting a single record, such as an entry with a specific ID, to deleting all records in a table if no condition is specified.
The purpose of DML is twofold: it allows for the manipulation of data and specifies which data should be manipulated, facilitating operations such as data retrieval, addition, modification, and deletion within the database framework.

Difference between DDL and DML

The difference between DDL and DML are given below:

Aspect	DDL (Data Definition Language)	DML (Data Manipulation Language)
Definition	DDL stands for Data Definition Language.	DML stands for Data Manipulation Language.
Purpose	Helps to define the structure of the database.	Helps to manage the data within the database.
Effect on Table	Affects the whole table.	Only affects specified row(s) of the table.
Permanence of Changes	Changes are permanent.	Changes can be rolled back; they are not permanent.
Focus	Helps in defining the fields or columns of the tables.	Helps in manipulating rows or records of the tables.
Transaction Commitment	Changes are auto-committed (permanent).	Changes are not auto-committed (allow for rollback).
Classification	Does not have further classification.	Classified into procedural and non-procedural.
Common Commands	CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, RENAME, DROP.	SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT.
Impact on Database	Directly changes the schema and architecture of the database.	Does not change the schema but alters the data within structures.
Usage Scenario	Used during the initial database design and when modifying structure.	Used in daily operations to manage and manipulate data.
Dependency	Independent of data manipulation; can be performed without data.	Dependent on the structures created by DDL commands.
Error Reversibility	Errors in commands can lead to loss of data structure.	Errors can often be reversed unless committed, preserving data integrity.
Access Control	Often requires higher privileges due to its impact on database structure.	Requires privileges on the data level, not necessarily on the structure.

Conclusion

The key difference between DDL and DML lies in their roles: DDL structures the database, while DML manages the data within it.
In exploring the difference between DDL and DML commands, we note that DDL commands, including CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, RENAME, DROP, are auto-committed and irreversible. In contrast, DML commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, allow for changes to be rolled back and are not auto-committed.
This examination highlights the fundamental difference between DDL and DML, where DML enables the reversal of changes in tables, a flexibility not afforded by DDL.

FAQ

Name a popular Data Manipulation Language?
- SQL (Structured Query Language) is one of the most popular Data Manipulation Language used to manage and manipulate data in relational databases.
A popular data manipulation language is?
- SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language, is widely recognized as the primary language for database management systems.
Data Manipulation Language examples
- Examples of DML commands in SQL include:
  - SELECT to retrieve data from a database.
  - INSERT to add new records to a table.
  - UPDATE to modify existing records.
  - DELETE to remove records from a table.