Golang Operators
Overview
In the programming world, the operator is considered a symbol that is used for performing different operations on the value or any variable in the Go language. In this article, we will be learning about different operators in the Go language along with their examples.
What are the Operators in Golang?
The operator in any programming language is a foundation and thus is an important part of the Go language. The Go language has functionality incomplete without operators. The use of operators allows the developers to perform various different kinds of operations on the operand.
What Are the Different Types of Operators in Golang?
The operators in the Go language are of a different type that is categorized into the following type on the basis of the functionality that the operator provides:
- Arithmetic operators
- Relational operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
- Assignment operators
- Miscellaneous operators
Arithmetic Operators
These are used for performing different arithmetic and mathematical operations on variables or operands in the Go language.
Description of Different Operators
- Addition- It is used for adding two numbers.
- Subtraction- It is used for subtracting two numbers.
- Multiplication- It is used for multiplying two numbers.
- Division- It is used for dividing one number by another.
- Modulo Division- It is used for dividing two numbers and the resultant reminder is the output of the modulo division operation.
Symbols
| Operators | Example |
|---|---|
| + (Addition) | a + b |
| - (Subtraction) | a - b |
| * (Multiplication) | a * b |
| / (Division) | a / b |
| % (Modulo Division) | a % b |
Example
OUTPUT
Relational Operators
This operator is used for comparing two different values or variables.
In this, the == operator is the relational operator that is used for checking if the values a and b are equal or not. The relational operator returns true if the two values are equal else it returns false if the two values are not equal.
Description of Different Operators
| Operator | Example | Descriptions |
|---|---|---|
| == (equal to) | a == b | returns true if a and b are equal |
| != (not equal to) | a != b | returns true if a and b are not equal |
| > (greater than) | a > b | returns true if a is greater than b |
| < (less than) | a < b | returns true if a is less than b |
| >= (greater than or equal to) | a >= b | returns true if a is either greater than or equal to b |
| <= (less than or equal to) | a <= b | returns true if a is either less than or equal to b |
Symbols
Operator
- == (equal to)
- != (not equal to)
- > (greater than)
- < (less than)
- >= (greater than or equal to)
- <= (less than or equal to)
Example
Assume a=10 and b=20
| Operation | Result |
|---|---|
| a==b | false |
| a!=b | true |
| a<b | true |
| a<=b | true |
| a>b | false |
| a>=b | false |
Logical Operators
These operators are used for performing logical related operations. Depending upon the condition, the logical operator returns true or false.
Description of Different Operators
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && (Logical AND) | exp1 && exp2 | returns true if both expressions exp1 and exp2 are true |
| || (Logical OR) | exp1 || exp2 | returns true if any one of the expressions is true. |
| ! (Logical NOT) | !exp | returns true if exp is false and returns false if exp is true. |
Symbols
Operator
- && (Logical AND)
- || (Logical OR)
- ! (Logical NOT)
Example
| No. | Operation | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | (a<b) && (c>b) | true |
| 2 | (a>b) && (c>b) | false |
| 3 | (a>b) || (c>b) | true |
| 4 | (a<b) || (c>b) | true |
Bitwise Operators
There are 6 bitwise operators in the Go language and it works at a bit level or performs bit-by-bit operations.
Description of Different Operators
Assume int a=8 and b=13
| Operator | example | description |
|---|---|---|
| & (bitwise AND) | a&b=8 | It takes 2 numbers as an operand and performs AND operation on every bit of the following two numbers. The output of the operator AND is 1, if and only if both the bits are 1. |
| | (bitwise OR) | a|b=13 | It also takes two numbers as an operand and does the OR operation on each and every bit of the two numbers. The output of the OR bit is 1, if and only if one among the following two operands is 1. |
| ^ (bitwise XOR) | a^b=5 | It also takes two number as an operand and perform the XOR operation on each and every bit of the two number. The XOR output is 1, if and only if the two bits are different. |
| << (left shift) | a<<1=16 | It also takes two numbers as an argument, it left shifts the bit of first operand and then decides the number of places to sift for the second operand. |
| >> (right shift) | a>>2=2 | It also takes two numbers as an argument and performs the right shift on the first operand and then decides the number of bits to be shifted for the second operand. |
| &^ (AND NOT) | a&^b=0 | This operator is used for clearing the bit. |
Symbols
- & (bitwise AND)
- | (bitwise OR)
- ^ (bitwise XOR)
- << (left shift)
- >> (right shift)
- &^ (AND NOT)
Example
Go program to illustrate the use of bitwise operators
OUTPUT
Assignment Operators
These operators are used for assigning the value to a variable. The left side of the operand contains the variable whereas the right side contains the assignment operator along with the value. The error is popped up if the data type and variable are not of the same type.
Description of Different Operators
| Operator | Example | Same as |
|---|---|---|
| += (addition assignment) | a += b | a = a + b |
| -= (subtraction assignment) | a -= b | a = a - b |
| *= (multiplication assignment) | a *= b | a = a * b |
| /= (division assignment) | a /= b | a = a / b |
| %= (modulo assignment) | a %= b | a = a % b |
Symbols
Operator
- += (addition assignment)
- -= (subtraction assignment)
- *= (multiplication assignment)
- /= (division assignment)
- %= (modulo assignment)
Example
OUTPUT
Miscellaneous Operators
There are three types of miscellaneous operators.
Description of Different Operators
- & : This operator is used for returning the address of the variable.
- *: This operator is used for providing the pointer to the variable.
- <- This is also known as receive operator and is used for receiving the value from the channel.
Symbols
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | address of a variable is returned at the output. | &a; provides actual address of the variable. |
| * | Returns the Pointer to a variable. | *a; provides actual pointer to a variable. |
Example
OUTPUT
Operator's Precedence in Golang
The operator's precedence in golang is used for determining the grouping of the terms in an expression which affects the expression that is evaluated in golang. There are few operators that have high precedence over other operators, for instance, the multiplication operator has higher precedence when compared to the addition operator in any programming language.
Below given is the list of operators along with their precedence.
| Operator | Symbol | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| Multiplicative | * / % | Left to right |
| Additive | + - | Left to right |
| Postfix | () [] -> . ++ - - | Left to right |
| Unary | + - ! ~ ++ - - (type)* & sizeof | Right to left |
| Equality | == != | Left to right |
| Shift | << >> | Left to right |
| Relational | < <= > >= | Left to right |
| Logical OR | || | Left to right |
| Logical AND | && | Left to right |
| Bitwise AND | & | Left to right |
| Bitwise XOR | ^ | Left to right |
| Bitwise OR | | | Left to right |
| Assignment | = += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= | = |
| Comma | , | Left to right |
Conclusion
- The operator in any programming language is a foundation and thus is an important part of the Go language.
- The Go language has functionality incomplete without operators. The use of operators allows the developers to perform various different kinds of operations on the operand.
- The operators in the Go language are of different type that is categorized into the following type on the basis of the functionality that the operator provides:
- Arithmetic operators
- Relational operators
- Logical operators
- Bitwise operators
- Assignment operators
- Miscellaneous operators