Math Class in Java
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The Math class in Java includes methods for executing fundamental mathematical operations such as square root, logarithm, exponential, and trigonometric functions.
In this article, we will be reading about the Math class in Java and the various methods defined in it.
Introduction
Various techniques for working with numerical calculations are offered by the Java Math class, including min(), max(), avg(), sin(), cos(), tan(), round(), ceil(), floor(), and abs() methods.
Only when a certain minimum or maximum value is present, does overflow occur. When performing mathematical operations such as incrementing, decrementing, dividing, finding absolute values, or negating numbers, it's crucial to ensure they stay within the appropriate maximum and minimum boundaries.
When using the addExact(), subtractExact(), multiplyExact(), and toIntExact() methods, an ArithmeticException is thrown if the resultant value exceeds the allowable range for the data type (int or long).
Declaration of Math Class in Java
The declaration for the Math class in Java is as follows:
Field of Math Class in Java
Following are the fields for the Math class in Java
Static Double E
This is the decimal number that sits closest to the value of 'e,' the base used in natural logarithms.
Static Double PI
This double value contains the value of π, i.e. the ratio of the circle's circumference to its diameter.
Methods of Math Class in Java
The Math class in Java contains numerous methods to perform various kinds of math operations including basic math, trigonometric, logarithmic, operations. Let's have a look at some of these.
Basic Math Methods
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.signum() | Returns the sign of the value |
| Math.abs() | Returns absolute value of the value in the parentheses |
| Math.copySign() | Returns the absolute value of the first argument along with the sign in the second argument |
| Math.round() | Returns value rounded to the nearest value |
| Math.max() | Returns largest of the two values |
| Math.min() | Returns minimum of the 2 values |
| Math.ceil() | Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the value in the parentheses |
| Math.floor() | Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to the value in the parentheses |
| Math.pow() | Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power given in the second argument |
| Math.sqrt() | Returns square root of the number |
| Math.cbrt() | Returns cube root of the number |
| Math.random() | Returns a positive double value between 0.0 and 1.0 |
| Math.hypot() | Returns the hypotenuse value (i.e. square root of the sum of x squared and y squared) without intermediate overflow or underflow. |
Logarithmic Math Methods
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.log() | Returns the natural logarithm of a double value |
| Math.log10() | Returns the base 10 logarithm of a double value. |
| Math.log1p() | Returns the natural logarithm of the sum of the argument and 1. |
| Math.exp() | Returns E (Euler's Number = 2.71828) raised to power of a double value |
| Math.expm1() | Returns power of E after subtracting one from it |
Trigonometric Math Methods
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.sin() | Returns sine value of the number |
| Math.cos() | Returns cosine value of the number |
| Math.tan() | Returns tangent value of the number |
| Math.asin() | Returns arc sine value of the number |
| Math.acos() | Returns arc cosine value of the number |
| Math.atan() | Returns arc tangent value of the number |
Hyperbolic Math Methods
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.sinh() | Returns hyperbolic sine value of the number |
| Math.cosh() | Returns hyperbolic cosine value of the number |
| Math.tanh() | Returns hyperbolic tangent value of the number |
Angular Math Methods
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.toDegrees | Converts radian angle to angle in degrees |
| Math.toRadians | Converts degrees angle to radian angle |
Examples of Math Class in Java
Example 1: A few basic mathematic operations
Output:
Example 2: A few logarithmic operations
Output:
Conclusion
- The Math class in Java provides methods that are used to perform numerical computations including basic mathematical, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic, angular, etc.
- The Math class in Java has 2 fields - static double E and static double PI which store approximate values of e and π respectively.